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A Brief History of the Bathroom

Gambar
The privacy, comfort, luxury and extreme sanitary conditions that we associate with our bathrooms today are the result of thousands of years of civil engineering and social change. Indoor plumbing, flushing toilets , heated water, water pressure , electricity and ventilation may be features we take for granted in our modern bathroom. But all of our bathroom’s high tech gadgets had a long history in the making. Although humans have always had the need to use toilet facilities and have used bathing as a way to cleanse themselves, it took centuries for our culture to bring these two important functions together into one convenient room. Let’s explore the fascinating history of the bathroom and see how much, or how little, has changed. Ancient Societies and Public Bathing When we talk about the activities we perform in our bathrooms today, we tend to speak of everything that relates to taking care of our bodies: washing, bathing, cleaning, relieving ourselves, manicuring our outer appear...

Randomised controlled trial of thermostatic mixer valves in reducing bath hot tap water temperature in families with young children in social housing

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Introduction Approximately 2000 emergency department attendances and 500 hospital admissions following bath water scalds to children occur in the UK each year.1 Admissions mostly occur in children aged under 5 years, often involving prolonged inpatient stays , transfer to a specialist hospital or burns unit.1 The cost of treating a severe scald has been estimated at £250<TS, thin space here>000.1 Longer- term effects include disability , disfigurement or psychological harm. What is already known on this topic ▶ Hot bath water scalds are an important public health problem ; their incidence has not declined over recent years. ▶ Thermostatic mixing valves (TMVs) have the potential to reduce scald risk but there have been no randomised controlled trials assessing their effectiveness and acceptability to families. What this study adds ▶ TMVs and educational leaflets are effective in reducing bath hot tap water temperature in the short and longer term and are acceptable to famil...